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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 30, 1921)
THE 3IORXIXG OREGOXIAX. FRIDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1021 OLD RULES RETAINED ! Bl OIVER WARFARE! Nothing Much Accomplished in Day of Debate. NAVAL ARGUMENT BEGUN tub-Coiiimltlcc on Aircraft De cides Not to Try to Iut Limit on Airplane Strength. WASHINGTON, D. C, Dec. 29. (By the Associated rress.) The. arms conference naval committee passed all of today debating proposals to re rtrict submarine warfare against merchant craft, but got no further than a general understanding to re affirm existing principles of inter national law and declare strict appli cation of these principles In the fu ture to submarine operations. A dispute over phraseology blocked formal adoption of an affirmatory resolution and the subject was laid aside for consideration by a special Kiib-commlttce on drafting. The naval committee itself then Ix gan what promises to- be a pro lona'd debate over the American pro posal to prohibit use of submarines against merchant vessels altogether. o Limit on Aircraft. Meantime the sub-committee on aircraft decided to abandon any ef fort, to limit the airplane Ktrength of the powers and to recommend instead that an attempt be made to agree on restrictions that would make an air warfare conform with considerations of humanity. Eyen such regulations, however, were said to be considered by sub commute, members as difficult of formation. All the other naval and far eastern discussions before the conference re. mainod at a standstill today except fur un Intimation from the Japanese that only mediation by the United states and (Jreat Britain could save the Shantung negotiations from final deadlock. JVnvnl ICxprrls Divided. It was declared both for the Jnpa nese and Chinese that their govern ments hud gone as far as possible toward a compromise and hope of a settlement was seen only In the possi bility that some new clement could be Injected Into the conversations. There were Indications that the na val experts of the varlouB powers were far from an agreement on the proposal that airplane carriers be limited, and ell the foreign delega tions were waiting on further In structions as to the American pro posal to establish 10,000 tons as the maximum size for any auxiliary war ship. There also was a halt In con sidering remaining details of the capi tal ship agreement Itself, a proposed meeting of experts to work out a re placement chart being postponed until later In the week. Capital fthlp Issue Settled. So far as the capital ship question Is concerned, all delegations appear to regard It as good as settled, al though no draft of a treaty embodying the agreement has been prepared. France has accepted, subject to a reservation she has not yet fully ex plained, so considerable discussion may take place before even that part of the work of the conference Is ready for final approval. In regard to another conference problem the new four-power Pacific treaty there were signs tonight of revived discussion among the dele gates, because of the suggestion of japan that some action be taken to clarify the scope of the agreement In In relation to the major islands of the Japanese empire. Baron Shide hara of the Japanese delegation, after discussing the subject with Secretary Hughes, took the Japanese request to Arthur Balfour, head of the British, and It was said afterwards that some definite clarification scheme might be brought forward formally in the near future. Eichmie of 3Vote Favored. In view of the difference of opin ion on the treaty's scope between President Harding and the American delegates, the Japanese think there at least should be an exchange of formal notes among the four powers setting forth the meaning of the pact beyond dispute. They are said to de sire that the main Japanese group of islands te not included under the treaty, but on the other hand, the British desire that Australia and New Zealand shall be within its scope. Although the senate is not In ses sion, echoes of the proposed fight on ratification of the four-power agree ment continued to reach the delegates. Jn a statement today Senator King, democrat of Utah, referred to the treaty and set forth a summary "of what he called the monumental failures" of the Washington negotia tions. The ratification fight also was discussed today between Senator Borah, republican of Idaho, a leader of the anti-treaty forces, and Joseph P. Tumulty, ex-secretary to Woodrow Wilson. In a conference which gave Impetus to speculation as to what attitude may be taken by the ex president. Opinion Not Yet Intimated. Thus far no intimation of Mr. Wil son's opinion of the treaty or other conference Issue has figured In con ference circles. Some of his friends are said to believe he may In some way make his position known before very long. Neither Senator Borah nor. Mr. Tumulty would say whether the former president's purposes were dis cussed today. The debate over submarine regula tion today centered about the resolu tions presented yesterday by Klihu Boot of the American delegation. General approval of the first of these resolutions, expressing adherence to the principles of search and seizure as already established In International law, was expressed by all the powers. There was an effort during the de bate to refer the whole subject to f commission of Jurists, but the Amer icans and the British took a deter mined stand for definite action at the present conference. A far different situation developed when the second Root resolution proposing the subma rines be prohibited from attacking" commerce In any circumstances was brought up. Such a proposition would involve a change from the present understandings of International law. and there was a lively discussion ovei how such a change could be made so it would be accepted by all nations Mr. Balfour suggested an amendment to make the prohibition Immediatelj effective as between the five powers and Mr. Boot acceded to the proposal The meeting then adjourned. More MrxsnKrM eeded. Tt was said tonight that the French. Italians and Japanese all wi'l be un prepared to act finally on tne second resolution until they had further com municated with their governments, but there was apparent a tendency among the Italians to favor and the French to oppose the plan. Some French delegates seemed to regard OUTLAWING OF ALL DIVER OPERATIONS AGAINST MERCHANTMEN IS CONSIDERED Existing Rules for Naval Warfare of Surface Craft Reaffirmed and Strict Application of Code Is Accepted in Principle for Submarines Long Discussions Are Held. ASHKXGTON. D. C. Dec. 29. (By the Associated Press.) A resolution by Elihu Root re affirming existing rules of naval warfare for surface craft and strict application of this code to sub marines operating against merchant craft was accepted In principle today by the naval committee of the arms conference. Mr. Root's second proposal that new rule of international law be initiated outlawing entirely sub marine operations against merchant men was still under discussion when the committee adjourned for the day. It had been urged in a address by each member of the American dele Sation and approved formally for the British group by Arthur J. Balfour. The other delegations still are to be heard on this subject. In the form In which the first pro posal was approved In principle and sent to sub-committee for final drafting, the Root proposal sets out anew rules of visit and search of belligerent craft observed In dealing with commercial vessels, and couples with this the declaration that sub marines must be governed by these rules. Preamble la Amended. At the suggestion of Mr. Balfour the original preamble was amended in arrangement to read as follows: "The signatory powers, desiring to make more effective the rules adopt ed by civilised nations for the pro- had failed to reach an agreement either to ban submarines entirely or to limit each nations' tonnage in these craft. Disagreement Is Denied. ."Such a declaration as the one pro posed In the first (Root) resolution." he added, "will go to the whole world ss an Indication that. wMle-the com mittee could not agree on such limi tation, tihere was no disagreement on the question that submarines should never be used contrary to the prin ciples of the law governing war. The adoption of the resolution might, fur thermore, avoid misunderstanding on (he part of those who were looking to the conference with great hope." M. Sarraut for the French group made a formal declaration of the acceptance of France of the prin ciples of the first Root resolution. France, he said, was anxious to go farther than the mere adoption of the resolution and bring into effect agreement as to limitation of sub marine warfare to established rules of naval warfare through a "defini tive text which would combine all the assents of the powers represented in the committee." The French delegate deprecated what he said was an apprehension expressed by Mr. Balfour that certain countries might "in spite of every thing, yield to the temptation to mis use the weapons remaining in their hands." With the first Root proposal on Its way .toward adoption. Secretary tectum of the lives of neutrals and I Hughes laid before the committee the noncombatants at sea in time of war. Invites the adherence of all other civilised powers to the following second resolution, as follows: "The signatory powers recognize the practical Impossibility of using statement of established law to the i submarines as commerce destroyers end that there may be a clear public unaersianUIng throughout the world or the standards of conduct by which the public opinion of the world Is to pass judgment upon future bellig erents." In comltting the resolution to a subcommittee headed by .Mr. Root for filial drafting, Secretary Hughes said he hoped it would "not be overlaid with lawyers' niceties," when it re emerged. No one. he said, could write anything which lawyers could not improve, but when it came to "the expression of vague fears to which lawyers so like to give expression." he added, he hoped "that such verbal criticisms would receive scant attention." It would have seemed "extraord- j jaw.' nary, inneen," .Mr. Hughes declared, !f the conference had not voiced "a most emphatic condemnation" of the 'abhorrent practices" In submarine warfare, indulged In during the recent war. But such a declaration as was planned, he added, was timely and necessary also because the conference without violation of the requirements universally accepted by civilized na tions for the protection of the lives of neutrals and non-combatants and. to the end that the prohibition of such use shall be universally accepted as a part of the law of nations, they declare their assent to such prohibi tion and invite all other nations to adhere thereto." I'nlverani Assent eded. Mr. Hughes said that, as Mr. Root had explained, "this was a proposition to change the law" as the first reso lution had attempted to state "the law which had been ignored and which had been trampled under foot, but which nevertheless had been and still was regarded as International The chairman added that he assumed the purpose of the resolution to change the law was to make this declaration of prohibition of subma rine warfare against merchant cralt a substitute for the first proposal when the powers of the world all had concurred in that substitution. Pend ing such concurrence, he explained. the first proposal will be the gov erning law of nations on the subject of submarines as expressed by the conference and to which It asks ad herence of powers outside Its circles. Mr. Root agreed In this, he ex plained, saying It required "universal assent to establish a law of nations" but that the first declaration "created nothing merely certifying to what existed," while the second called for an act by the nations which did not take effect until assent had been received. Suggestion Is Made. Mr. Balfour suggested at this point that the five powers present could agree between themselves to outlaw submarine warfare against merchant vessels even before world assent to such a proposal was received. Mr. Root accepted this suggestion and Mr. Balfour then proposed to amend the last portion of the prohibitive declaration so as to read: "They declare their assent to such prohibition and they agree to be bo-jnd forthwith thereby as between themselves and they invite all other nations to adhere to the present agreement." , The discussion for the day ended at this point. Those associated with Mr. Root In the sub-committee to draft the first declaration, which was ac cepted in principle, were the follow ing: Great Britain, Sir Auckland Ged des: France, Vice-Admiral de Bon and M. Kammerer: Italy, Senator Rlccl; Japan, Mr. Hanihara. Resolutions Are Debated. . The naval committee debated the Root resolutions all day before arriving at Its decision to turn article one of the resolutions over to a com mittee with instructions to draft Its language without modifications of the principles stated in the original proposal. Secretary Hughes invited the discussion Immediately upon the convening of the naval committee and Mr. Balfour for the British group declared that providing article one did in fact "really embody the exist ing rules of war," he personally be lieved It desirable that "these should be reaffirmed in their relation to submarine warfare." Reiterating that he spoke only for himself. Mr. Balfour said he believed "a formal and authoritative state ment that submarines had no licence to break the rules by which other ships of war were bound cou'.d do nothing but good." Admiral de Bon. of the French group, said he shared wholly Mr. Bal four's views and that the French delegation gave "in principle our gen eral adhesion to the statement that submarines should of necessity be bound by the rules of International law." Law of Special Nature. "But as this law Is of a very spe- ;cial nature." Admiral de Bon said. "It seems to us the most practical solu tion would be to refer the considera tion of the text submitted by Mr. Root to a committee of Jurists which would advise us as to Its opinion In regard to the wording being adequate." Senator Schanier said that the Ital ians already had given "our full ad hesion to the aim which Mr. Root's proposal tends." but added the Ital ians thought formulation of the rules of war for submarines should be ex amined by a committee of jurists. The text of the Root resolutions, he said, had been cabled to Rome. Senator Schanzer pointed out that article one and article two of the Root proposals appeared to conflict, inas much as article one admitted with certain reservations of the destruc tion of merchant craft by submarines, while article two "definitely pro hibits" use of submarines for destruc tion of merchant ships. "I should wish, therefore," he said. "to know In what way the second resolution tallies with the first." He also suggested that "a clear definition of merchant craft" might throw light on the question involved. He invited an explanation from Root. Sir Robert Borden for Canada said ha understood Mr. Root to have sot forth "existing rules which had been, or should have been, the general prac tice In the past to govern the action of nations in time of war," and had no doubt thee rules were correctly stated and should have been followed by belligerent vessels during the re cent war, although in fact they had been "wantonly violated." RECLAMATIONUP AGAIN Assistant Secretary of Interior Sug gests Change In BUI. THE OREQONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Washington, V. C, Dec. 29. In a let ter to Senator McNary today, the as sistant secretary of the interior sug gested a rearrangement of the com bined western and southern reclama tion bill, which provides J350.000.000 for Irrigation and swamp land drain age. After examination of a new draft of the bill enclosed with the letter. Senator McNary said the de partment had suggested practically no change In the substance of the bill. The purpose of the suggested draft, he said, seemed to be merely to clarify the phraseology with a view to making Interpretation unmis takable. In the letter the Interior department took occasion again to express a keen interest in the bill and to urge that It be pressed toward pas sage with as little delay as possible. LIQUOR CASES DROPPED Prosecution of 1 3 1 Persons In Fed eral Court Abandoned. PITTSBURG, Dec. 19. Prosecutions of 131 persons charged with violation of war-time prohibition and the na tional prohibition act were abandoned in federal court tod4iy. District Attorney Iyon stated that during the early stages of prohibition many violations occurred, a number of them through Ignorance, and that the court dockets had become clogged with cases, there being about HOD still pending. Government witnesses bnd disappeared In some cases and in others arrests bad been made without the necessary search warrants. BORAH TO jJSE AMPLIFIES Senator to Speak In Church on Arm Conference. THE OREOONIAN NEWS BfRKAI". Washington. l ('.. Dec. 2V. Senator Borah Is to speak to approximately 100,000 persons next Sunday from (he pulpit of the Church of the Covenant. Presbyterian, according to plan an nounced today by Dr. Wood, pastor of the church. The senator's theme will be the dis armament conference and the four power treaty. Radio apparatus will be installed. Dr. Wood said, to make the address audible to K'O.OOO per sons In the District of Columbia and In the adjoining states of Maryland snd Virginia. the suggestion as a renewal in an other form of the British request for abolition of under-water craft altO' get her. In some quarters It was suggested the French might accede to the plan, on condition that the conference take a positive stand for freedom of the seas, a proposal which did not seem likely to find favor among other del egations. Among the Italians there appeared to be a disposition to be lieve acceptance of the proposal might be to Italy's benefit, because of the large amount of supplies which she must bring over easily severed trade routes In the hiediterraneon. For the British It was declared that even If the amended Root prop osition were adopted, and submarines prohibited from attacking merchant ships, Great Britain would continue to organize her trawlers against pos slble submarine onslaughts. The Brit ish, it was said by one of SOLDO PLOTS MINTED WAIt SECRETARY -ASKS MONEY TO BL'Y CEMETERIES. spokesmen, would not regard such a proposition as tantamount to aboli tion of the submarine because they would feel that In time of stress an enemy might disregard the rules as Germany did In the world war. The aircraft subcommittee which practically completed Its report to day, was eaid to regard the question of regulating air warfare as quite ss troublesome as the problem of draft ing submarine restrictions. The re port is said to recommend, however, that some step in that direction be taken by the Washington conference. lieport to House Declares That Doilies or .12,000 Men Prob ably Will Slay Overseas. WASHINGTON. D. C. Dec. 29 Pur chase at an estimated cost of $111,000 of seven tracts of land In Europe for permanent American cemeteries was recommended today by Secretary Weeks, who. In a letter to Speaker Glllett. asked also that congress their make an additional $743,000 available tained the $20,000,000 state soldiers' bonus bond Issue at their bid of $363. 202. premium and accrued Interest to dale of delivery. 8. H green stamps for cash. Holman Fuel Co., coal and wood. Main "5.1: 5H0-21. Adv. V for improvement of the cemeteries. Secretary Weeks estimated that the bodies of 32.000 Americans who died overseass would not be returned to the I'nlferi Stntea He M arranr. Imenta were helnir made to rnnrn. trate the bodies in six cemeteries in France, one In Belgium and one in England. The cemeteries which the war sec retary recommended should be pur chased and the cost of each were Alsne-Marne. $20,000: Suresnes. $9000; Komme, 111,000; Brook wood, $31,000: St. Mlhtel. Hi, 0011; Olse-Aisne, $20, 000. and Flanders field. $5000. JOY MAY BE UNC0NFINED San Franciscan Will Celebrate New Year's Eve. SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., Dec. 29. (Special.) Joy may be unconflned in San Francisco on New Year's eve so far as the police ore concerned, but dangerous pranks and any form of rowdyism will not be tolerated. This is the edict of Chief of Police O'Brien. Where any form of rowdyism ap pears patrolmen are Instructed to first warn the perpetrators and If warning falls, to arrest them. Patrolmen also are advised to arrest Immediately any persons using an article or Instru ment which might Inflict injury or de stroy clothing, or any person dis charging firearms. Special regulations are provided for automobiles. No machines or vehicles can be parked on Market street. Dancing until 5 o'clock New Year's morning will be permitted In all bona fide restaurants and hotels under po lice supervision. Prohibition officials announce that redoubled efforts will be made by their department to prevent the con sumption of much liquor which has been Imported for the occasion, they sa y. SAWS FOUND IN CELLS ilnllbreak at Eugene Is Believed to Have Been Prevented. EL'UENE, Or., Dec. 29. (Special.) Three complete hacksaws and a num ber of pieces of saws, all of hard steel, were found In the cell of the Lane county Jail by Sheriff Stlckels today. Two bars of an' outer win dow of the Jail were sawed a few days ago and it was believed that a wholesale break for liberty would have been made that day but for the discovery. Today more bars were found to have been sawed partially and a bolt on the cage had been sawed nearly in two. This was done last night, the sher iff said. The 20 prisoners In the Jail were placed In the women's cells while the sheriff and his deputies made the search for the saws. Gasco Briquets 'All heat- No ash" Order at the Gas Office or phone Main 6500 Auto. 602-74 "CON" IN SPEECH SCORED National Association of Teachers Meets in Chicago. CHICAGO. Dec. 29. There is too much "con" in conversation. Professor J. A. Winans of Dartmouth college told the National Association of Teachers of speech at today's session of the annual convention. "He who lives by the dictionary shall perish by it." Professor Winans said. "It is a fearsome book. When I find a dictionary giving a word a doz en meanings. I question If it be a sin gle definite and accurate definition." Ohio Bonus Bonds Sold. COLUMBUS. O.. Dec. 29. A syndi cate of Cleveland, Chicago and New York banks and bond houses headed by Stacy Rraun. Toledo, today ob- WINTER HOLIDAYS at Clatsop Beach. Why not spend a few da-.i Just now at the Ocean? It Is reached by a short trip, you are always withlp. call If necessary, and Clatsop Beach Is a resort which offers delightful rest and recreation. Hotels are open all vear. and make special rates during the winter. .North Bank Road trains leave Portland daily at 8:15 A. M.. 1:15 P.M. and 6:20 P. M. The morning and evening trains carry observation par lor cars dally, and the 1:15 Friday and Saturday this week. Round trip fares dally to Astoria $5.00, Gearhart $o.9B. Seaside $6.00. War tax 8 per cent additional in December, none thereafter. Adv. Piles Cured In to 14 Dar Dructt refuntl money If PAZO OINT MENT ft! to car Itcnlnc. Blind. Blad ing or Protrudinr Pilea. Instantly rltva liuoing Plies, sue. Adv. HIGH in favor de lightful in flavor: Red Rock Cottage Cheese a better food at a lower cost; fresh daily from the dairy; eat it every day; it's a food for young and old. Our only product: RED ROCK DAIRY Shave. Bathe and Shampoo with one Soap. Cuticura Cottran oapfitWfavantfrMftmstM9h$itoc. HOLIDAY rap0 FARES OREGON ELECTRIC RY. TICKETS ON SALE DEC. 22, 23. 24, 23, 26, 31, JAN. 1, 2. Return Limits Jan. 4. Albany $4.20 Salem $2.76 Corvallia $4.76 Harrisburg $5.63 Eugene $6.62 Junction City $5.85 Also reduced round trip fares to all points south of West Woodburn. EVERY DAY ROUND TRIP FARES Salem .. .$2.78 Hillsboro $1.16 Woodburn 1.94 Forest Grove 1.57 Return limit two days after date of sale. WAR TAX 8 To additional on tickets sold in December; none thereafter. OREGON ELECTRIC RY. fii We Tell U with Values :1 GREETING TO .922 THIS GREAT EVENT Fittingly Closes the Momentous Year of 1921 rITH STRESS on the fact that in selling for cash only, without the main tenance of an expensive credit bureau, which the customers pay for, every woman in Portland has an equal opportunity without having to contend with those shown a preference. 5 Too often are "sales" held in which "charge" customers are secretly invited to a first choice of the merchandise, before the dear public with "cash in hand" are asked to come and help themselves to what's left of the "hand-picked" stock. Nearly 500 more new, spirited models added today to the great showing Coats, Wraps and Dresses that are the fruit of our New York buying organization's intimate business connections with the manufacturers. w We Make Good When you make a purchase here it is presumed you are satisfied. If not, your money back instantly. Never did such worthy work in presenting the 'firsts" in Fashion for the approval of the smartly dressed women of Portland. In point of style, these hundreds and hundreds of most charming models, just here from New York to brighten this event, are excelled only by the very high quality of the fabrics and the superior workmanship. 32 The Coats and Wraps acknowledged masterpieces of the day in every likable fashion of blouse effects, full drapes, wrappy models and straight-line effects, made of the very best of the high-grade materials, such as Silver-tip Bolivias, Velours, Veldynes, Bo- ? livias and Swedines; elegantly silk lined JLO The New Mid-Winter Dresses From the variety of models and the newness of smart French touches, they sug gest a showing like the opening of a season. Our New York buyers did them selves honor in choosing them for this event. A brilliant collection of Satins, Satin-back Crepes, Poiret Twills, Canton Crepes, Taffetas, Velvets and $- f Tricotines elaborately trimmed -LvJ 0 Any Woman regardless of age, can be fitted in figure and per sonality, in sizes 16 to 44. ( 7 t! ffn H ( hy EVERY MID-WINTER SUIT IN STOCK and who cannot be satisfied from such a collection of Velours, Suedynes, .Tricotines, Broadcloths, Silvertones and Goldtones many beautifully fur trimmed $16 Also Los Angeles and New York Also Seattle and San Francisco 145-7 BROADWAY t